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Advice / Conseils
For navigation use only updated regulatory documents /
Pour la navigation n'utiliser que des documents réglementaires à jour.
GPS is more accurate than nautical charts /
Un GPS est plus précis qu'un carte marine
Web Servers / Serveurs Web
You can use the nearest or faster server / Vous pouvez utiliser le serveur le plus proche ou le plus rapide :
Caption / Légende
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Este catálogo contiene la información básica sobre las Cartas y Publicaciones que edita el Servicio de Hidrografía Naval. También:
View online charts (ENC) / Cartes marines consultables en ligne (CEN)
Not for navigational use / Ne pas utilisez pour la navigation
Geoportal para Agentina con Cartas de Navegación Electrónicas (CNE-ENC) y también Ayudas a la Navegación, Faros, Boyas y Balizas, Estaciones AIS AtoN, Zonas NAVTEX, Límites Láminas ENC, Límites Cartas Papel, Radioavisos vigentes (Navarea VI, Navtex, Rio de la Plata, Rios)...
Índice: Antecedentes históricos - Principios generales del sistema - Reglas - Mapa de las regiones A y B. Se podrá bajar gratuitamente en formato PDF completando un formulario.
Según la definición del Diccionario del Bureau Hidrográfico Internacional, faro es "una estructura distintiva sobre una costa o alejada de la misma que presenta una luz principal destinada a servir de ayuda a la navegación". Más precisamente, una construcción costera que posee una señal luminosa característica cuya función es orientar al navegante. Generalmente ubicado en puntos destacados del litoral, en lugares altos, notables, ya sea artificiales o naturales. De su elevación dependerá el alcance que se quiera dar a la luz. En este sitio se actualizan las características nocturna y diurna de los faros permanentemente ya que afectan la Seguridad Náutica. No obstante, los navegantes deberán consultar las publicaciones reglamentarias Faros y Señales Marítimas, los Avisos a los Navegantes y Radioavisos Náuticos respecto a este tema.
En el formulario de tablas de marea (datos en HTML) se publican las horas y alturas de las pleamares y bajamares para los puertos. El SHN adoptó, desde 2004, la Bajamar Astronómica más Baja (LAT) como plano de reducción de sondajes. Índice: Tablas de Marea (Puertos del Río de la Plata y Litoral Marítmo Argentino Sudamericano, Suplemento Litoral Marítimo Argentino Antártico y Subantártico, Puertos secundarios), Tablas de Conversión, Tabla de Interpolación, Glosario de términos usados, Generalidades.
La información brindada corresponde a los instantes predichos de estoas y de máximas corrientes de marea. Para la máxima corriente se da la intensidad en nudos (1 nudo = 1 milla náutica/hora) y el rumbo en grados (dirección respecto al Norte geográfico y con sentido hacia el Este). Los valores predichos no incluyen al efecto del viento sobre la corriente.
Nomenclatura de la OMM del Hielo Marino: Terminología del hielo ordenada alfabéticamente y Terminología del hielo ordenada por conceptos - Código del óvalo (Huevo): Sistema de la simbología del hielo marino de la OMM - Hielo flotante en el mar: mural con compendio de identificación, nomencaltura y códigos en uso - Gruñones (growlers): trozos de hielo pequeños y duros más peligrosos para los buques.
La información otorgada a través de las Cartas de Hielo es producto del análisis e interpretación visual de imágenes satelitales de alta resolución. Las Cartas de Hielo sintetizan las condiciones generales de hielo marino y témpanos para la fecha indicada en la correspondiente Carta, por lo que las condiciones descriptas pueden variar en función de cambios en la situación meteorológica imperante y debido a las corrientes marinas. La codificación de colores y nomenclatura empleada para la confección de Cartas de Hielo y registro de observaciones glaciológicas corresponde a los estándares de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial,
Se ha desarrollado el presente Manual a fin de servir como fuente de consulta y guía al momento de realizar las observaciones glaciológicas, tanto desde un buque como desde una base antártica. El correcto uso de la terminología, así como las explicaciones que encontrarán en este Manual, le permitirán al usuario realizar las observaciones según estándares internacionales con la posibilidad de generar los mensajes codificados IILL e IISS, que contienen el detalle de la información registrada. Así mismo, la transmisión de estos mensajes con información glaciológica permitirá a la División Glaciología del Departamento Meteorología del SERVICIO DE HIDROGRAFÍA NAVAL, el control de calidad de la información, la verificación del procesamiento de imágenes satelitales de alta resolución y la generación de más y mejores productos que sirvan para el asesoramiento glaciológico y de apoyo en la toma de decisión a los Comandantes y Autoridades en el planeamiento y/o ejecución de las actividades antárticas.
Sol, planetas y estrellas. Publicación que contiene datos sobre las posiciones aparentes de 324 estrellas fundamentales brillantes cada diez días, las efemérides del Sol, la Luna y cuatro planetas, el tiempo sidéreo a 0h TU y la ecuación del tiempo, junto a tablas que corrigen las observaciones y factores de conversión que agilizan los cálculos, contiene los datos necesarios para determinar la posiciȯn geográfica mediante observaciones astronómicas. Se complementa con un calendario, eclipses de Sol y de Luna, fases lunares, equinoccios y solsticios.
Índice: Generalidades - Salida y Puesta de Sol - Salida y Puesta de Luna - Fases de la Luna - Eclipses - Equinoccios y Solsticios.
Este programa provee: Salida, puesta, crepúsculo civil, náutico y astronómico del Sol, salida y puesta de la Luna y de planetas para cualquier punto de longitud conocida y para latitudes de hasta ±80° - Además calcula otros datos astronómicos como ser, ángulo horario y declinación, azimut y altura, refracción, paralaje horizontal, paso por el meridiano, etc., para Planetas, Sol y Luna. Fases de la Luna e información técnica. Tiempo de Sidéreo local y ángulo horario de Aries - Permite calcular hasta 365 datos, guardarlos en un archivo e imprimirlos (Windows).
Información sobre señales horarias: Señales Horarias generadas por el Observatorio Naval Buenos Aires -Cuadro comparativo de algunas Señales Horarias - Husos Horarios adoptados en la República Argentina - Hora Oficial en diferentes lugares del mundo - Hora Oficial Argentina
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. Hourly fields of 6 hours of retroanalysis and 96 hours of wave forecast, corresponding to the most recent forecast hour. The forecast hours are 00 Z, 06 Z, 12 Z and 18 Z and the products are estimated to be available at H + 4.5 hours. All heights are expressed in meters. The significant height is inferred in the model from the total energy of the waves. It resembles the characteristic height that an experienced observer visually estimates in a wave field and is the most widely used proxy measure of the field. However, it should be noted that individual waves can exceed significant height (ideally just over 13% of the waves) and even under normal conditions, an individual wave could double this height. The peak direction is the mean direction at the frequencies containing the maximum energy and is, in general, close to the direction of the maximum. The period of the energy peak or dominant period is the one corresponding to the frequencies that contain the maximum energy.
La altura significativa se infiere en el modelo a partir de la energía total de las olas. Se asemeja a la altura característica que un observador experimentado estima visualmente en un campo de olas y es la medida representativa del campo más utilizada. Sin embargo, se debe destacar que las olas individuales pueden exceder la altura significativa (idealmente algo más del 13 % de las olas) y aun en condiciones normales, alguna ola individual podría duplicar esta altura. La dirección del pico es la dirección media en las frecuencias que contienen la máxima energía y es cercana, en general, a la dirección del máximo. El período del pico de energía o período dominante es el correspondiente a las frecuencias que contienen la máxima energía. Todas las alturas se expresan en metros. Oceanos Australes: Altura significativa - Oceano Atlántico: Altura significativa y también Altura de olas de mar de viento
Descargar publicaciones náuticas y programas: Almanaque Náutico y Aeronáutico - Efemérides - Libro de Faros Digital - Límite Exterior de la Zona Económica Exclusiva de la República Argentina - Reglamento Internacional para Prevenir los Abordajes - Sistema de Información Glaciológica SIGLAC-C V1.1.0 - Sistema de Balizamiento Marítimo...
Geoportal con los avisos vigentes para Argentina: NAVAREA VI - NAVTEX Ushuaia - NAVTEX Rio Gallegos - NAVTEX Comodoro Rivadavia - NAVTEX Bahia Blanca - NAVTEX Mar del Plata - NAVTEX Buenos Aires - Riopla - Rios. Este geoportal no reemplaza los canales oficiales de comunicacion navtex y safetynet. Limites internacionales y espacios maritimos aproximados. No apto para navegar.
Este Sitio se actualiza permanentemente con los acontecimientos que afectan a la seguridad náutica, no obstante se recomienda a los navegantes utilizar la difusión de los radioavisos náuticos a través de los diferentes canales de comunicación radial o satelital. Índice:
El Servicio de Hidrografía Naval (SHN) presta el Servicio Público de Seguridad Náutica editando la publicación H-216 "Avisos a los Navegantes" y la publicación H-217 "Avisos a los Navegantes - Hidrovía Paraguay-Paraná". La Sección I contiene los avisos a los navegantes con las modificaciones a ser incorporadas por los mismos en todas las versiones (soportes) de las Cartas Náuticas (Papel y Electrónicas / S-57), Croquis de los Ríos, Derroteros Náuticos, Listas de Faros y Señales Marítimas, Radioayudas para la Navegación y demás publicaciones náuticas editadas por este servicio. Se edita con el mismo formato, la Publicación H-217 "Avisos a los Navegantes - Hidrovía Paraguay-Paraná" con las novedades exclusivas para dicha vía navegable (Más informaciónes).
The Mariner’s Handbook for Australian Waters (AHP20) is an official nautical publication. This publication provides mariners with important regulatory, procedural and environmental information affecting the planning and conduct of a voyage to, or from, Australian ports, or within Australian waters. It includes a summary of all relevant information from various Australian government agencies under the cover of one combined reference, with links to further information if required. The publication includes: Major Australian maritime legislation and regulations - Marine Protected Areas - Coastal Pilotage arrangements - Torres Strait and Great Barrier Reef shipping routes, accident and incident reporting - Maritime Safety Information, meteorological broadcasts, Warnings, search and rescue - Ship Reporting Systems: AUSREP and REEFVTS - Maritime security - Pilots, boarding arrangements, arrival and departure notification requirements, VHF Channels and port contact details - Mariners guide to interpreting the accuracy of depth information in Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) - Important information relating to the accuracy of charts, Zones of Confidence (ZOCs) - Effects of over-scaling in Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS)... More information).
AHO Fact Sheets provide answers to the AHO’s most frequently asked questions. They provide a ready reference for mariners, provide links to sources of more information, and are a starting point for those providing instruction to mariners. Fact sheets: AusENC Frequently Asked Questions - Official and Unofficial Electronic Charts - GPS Receivers and Chart Datums - Tides: Calculating HW and LW at Secondary Ports - Accuracy and Reliability of Paper Nautical Charts - Understanding Paper Nautical Chart Symbology - Updating Paper Nautical Charts...
The Australian Chart and Publication Maintenance Handbook providesinformation to assist mariners to keep paper and electronic nautical charts and publications up to date, as well as to keep appropriate maintenance records. By using this book, mariners should be able to meet their obligations under both national and international maritime legislation and the more specific inspection requirements imposed by safety and regulatory authorities.
How accurate are nautical charts? How much faith can be placed in them? Unfortunately, the answer is quite complex – far more complex than simply saying one chart is accurate whilst another is not. However, having the necessary skills should be essential for any mariner venturing into unfamiliar waters. All charts, whether paper or electronic, contain data which varies in quality due to the age and accuracy of individual surveys. In general, remote areas away from shipping routes tend to be less well surveyed, and less frequently, while areas of high commercial traffic are re-surveyed frequently to very high levels of accuracy, particularly where under-keel clearances are small. It is quite accurate to consider a chart as a jigsaw of individual surveys pieced together to form a single image.
Written in an easy to read “question and answer” style, this publication answers over twenty of the most commonly asked questions about electronic charts (ENCs and RNCs) and their use in ECDIS and ECS. Its main emphasis is on what types of chart data and types of equipment can be used to satisfy the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) carriage requirements for charts (IHO, S-66, 2018).
At first glance, a chart looks simple to interpret. However, what exactly do all those different symbols mean? Before your next day on the water, have a look at the symbols taken from a few Australian Paper Nautical Charts.
Paper Charting Information. Frequently asked questions about paper charts in Autralia.
The electronic chart carriage rules and regulations in Australian waters. For a comprehensive overview about electronic charts (ENC and RNC), electronic charting systems (ECDIS and ECS) and electronic chart carriage requirements under the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), we recommend you read this page.
View online Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) / Cartes marines vectorielles consulable en ligne
Not for navigational use / Ne pas utilisez pour la navigation
The AHO has released a new web service to facilitate the discovery of our charting products (paper charts and ENC) in an easy to use graphical interface that has the option to display our ENC content around Austrlia as background. For ENC click on the four windows icon and then click on "AHO ENC Series Basemap" icon. The data contained in this service is provided for information and product discovery purposes only and must not be used for navigation and decisions for this purpose must not be made using the data presented in this service.
Electronic Navigational Charts for upload (ENC) / Cartes marines vectorielles téléchargables
Not for navigational use / Ne pas utilisez pour la navigation
A free unprotected ENC data cell, covering an area of the Torres Strait including Varzin Passage is available below for download and evaluation. This ENC cell is for evaluation purposes only and is not to be used for naviation.
There are many words, phrases, acronyms and abbreviations used in hydrographic applications. On this glossary you can find a concise list of these as well as links to other related glossaries of Hydrographic terms.
Terms that are often used in Tidal Science.
Definitions for common astronomical terms (Geoscience Australia).
The transit time of a celestial body refers to the instant that its center crosses an imaginary line in the sky - the observer's meridian. It's represents the time at which the body is highest in the sky on any given day: the transit of the Sun is local solar (sundial) noon. At the twilight time in the absence of moonlight, artificial lighting or adverse atmospheric conditions, the illumination is such that large objects may be seen but no detail is discernible. The brightest stars and planets can be seen and for navigation purposes at sea, the sea horizon is clearly defined (Geoscience Australia).
The Maritime Gazetteer of Australia (MGA) is a searchable database containing all the place names used in Australia's official navigational charts.
Australian Notices to Mariners are produced fortnightly to inform mariners of amendments of navigational significance to their chart portfolios. Notices to Mariners, tracings, blocks and other supplements are available in PDF format (More informations).
An EPIRB is a critical piece of safety equipment for crew and passengers on sinking or capsized vessels, in a fire, collision or vessel grounding. From 1 January 2021, new laws covering the carriage of emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) will apply to certain types of domestic commercial vessels (DCV). The type of EPIRB you need depends on vessel class, length, flotation and operating area.
This Pilot Advisory Note (2/2020) informs about circumstances where the information depicted on an ENC may differ to the information on a paper chart for the same location. Note that in all cases where a difference may be noted: 1) The ENC depiction will more closely resemble real-world features due to scale limitations inherent in paper charts; 2) ENC are used as the source for updating paper charts – updates to paper charts will therefore either be released in parallel with the ENC, or lag behind, but will never precede an ENC update.
This marine notice (8/2021) draws attention to important information regarding the proper operation of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS), including the importance of adequate and up to date Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs), for ships visiting Australian ports.
Vessel traffic services (VTS) assist domestic and international vessels to avoid dangerous situations in our region. There are currently 15 authorised vessel traffic services in Australia including REEFVTS (Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait Vessel Traffic Services). Here is a list of VTS areas in Autralia with specific information.
The environmental and cultural significance of the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait regions are internationally recognised. In 1990 the International Maritime Organization (IMO) named these regions Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA). The Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait Vessel Traffic Service (Reef VTS) was established in 2004 as a mechanism to improve the safety and efficiency of vessel movements and to help protect the marine environment. The purpose of the Reef VTS user guide is to assist masters of ships transiting the Reef VTS area on the services provided by Reef VTS (2021).
Knowledge of regulations and duties will help you navigate safely on the seas. The safety of shipping depends on you having detailed knowledge of, and complying with, regulatory and other obligations and duties we set out according to our legislation. This quick guide highlights your key obligations when transiting through the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait.
The Queensland coastal passage plan (QCPP) seeks to improve pre-pilotage communications between coastal pilotage providers, the vessels they service, and the appointed coastal pilots. The QCPP improves the readiness of ships transiting coastal pilotage areas within the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait by ensuring voyage plans, waypoints and other planning considerations have been completed in a standardised manner. See also: Passage Plan uniform waypoints.
The Modernised Australian Ship Tracking and Reporting System (MASTREP) is a ship reporting system designed to contribute to safety of life at sea. Participation in MASTREP is mandatory for certain vessels and others are encouraged to participate.
The AIS is a maritime communications device that improves navigation safety and environmental protection by assisting in the effective navigation of ships. See also: LRIT.
Why you need a maritime mobile service identity (MMSI), and how to apply for one. We allocate maritime mobile service identity numbers (MMSI’s) to people who own a vessel or unit that has either: Digital selective calling (DSC) capable equipment - Automatic identification system (AIS) units.
Frequently asked questions about distress beacon (EPIRB, PLB & ELT) and Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI).
The Australian GMDSS Training and Operations Manual. This Handbook has been produced by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), and is intended or use on ships that are: 1) Compulsorily equipped with GMDSS radiocommunication installations in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea Convention 1974 (SOLAS) and Commonwealth or State Government marine legislation; or 2) Voluntarily equipped with GMDSS radiocommunication installations. It is the recommended textbook for candidates wishing to qualify for the Australian GMDSS General Operator’s Certificate of Proficiency.
Marine Order 27 requires a radio log-book to be carried on board vessels subject to the Navigation Act 2012. The GMDSS Radio Log Book (the radio log) should be kept in a location close to the radio station. Pages from this form should be printed as required and kept as a hard-copy. The radio log, and associated records, must be kept onboard for at least 2 years. The radio log must contain a summary of communications relating to distress, urgency and safety messages. Details of commercial communications exchanged via GMDSS communications equipment may also be recorded in the radio log. The radio log should contain a record of important incidents connected with the radio service.
You need a maritime ship licence to use radio equipment on board a ship and you must be qualified to operate a maritime ship station.
Search for a registered ship on the Australian General and International Shipping Registers. You can search for a vessel using basic details about the ship. You can search either by the ship’s name, or the ship's official number for a more accurate search. The official number is the six digit number issued by the Shipping Registration Office to Australian registered ships. Other details such as the type of ship, overall length, or principal material of construction may be useful for searching purposes to check for matches in the register. See also: Search for Australian MMSI number.
The National Search and Rescue Manual is the standard reference document for use by all search and rescue authorities and other organisations that provide search and rescue services in Australia. It outlines the agreed methods of coordination through which search and rescue operations are conducted within Australia. The manual is consistent with the relevant International Conventions to which Australia is party. The National SAR Manual includes material covering: a) Abbreviations, terminology and definitions relevant to SAR practitioners; b) The elements and functions of the Australian SAR system; c) Details of communications, assets and procedures for coordination; d) SAR planning and techniques including worksheets. The National Search and Rescue Manual acts as a set of procedures and guidelines in providing a search and rescue response within Australia.
Seafarers are much more likely to die from injury at work.This brochure provides ideas about simple methods for managing the welfare of your crew.
The National Standard for Commercial Vessels (NSCV) sets standards for vessel design, construction, equipment, operation and crew competencies for domestic commercial vessels. We maintain a list of current and superseded versions of the NSCV for your information.
Marine orders are regulations made under Commonwealth legislation. Marine orders contain the detailed requirements and processes ensuring legislation keeps up to date with technical and operational advances in maritime safety and environment protection. They also put international and national maritime standards into effect.
Pilot advisory notes provide guidance specific to coastal pilotage. These resources will provide you with details about under keel clearance requirements, shallow water alerts, incident reporting and reporting procedures, carriage of electronic charting systems, and more.
Marine notices provide important safety related information, general guidance and details about forthcoming changes to legislation to the shipping and maritime community. While marine notices have no legal standing, they provide important safety related information, general guidance, or details about forthcoming changes to legislation.
Navigational maritime safety information (MSI) for NAVAREA X and Australian coastal areas is issued by the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre (JRCC) Australia. Navigational warnings are current for the time indicated and can be updated by refreshing the webpage. You can search our maritime safety information by selecting the search filter boxes and by sclicking on the search button to display the results. Type of messages: Safety Messages - NAVAREA X warnings - AUSCOAST Coastal warnings - Summary of Mobile Drilling Rigs - Special Purpose Vessels.
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The Marine Weather Knowledge Centre provides information about the services the Bureau provides for mariners. These services include forecasts, warnings and observations for the coastal waters and high seas around Australia. See also in PDF : Marine Services Ready Reckoner.
To begin with the tide predictions, choose a location from the map or locations list. Tidal predictions are available in html and pdf. Also tidal streams predictions for Oom Shoal-Mackay (QLD), Hammond Rock (QLD) Tand The Rip (VIC). For some locations tidal predictions are based on limited observations and therefore expected to be less accurate.
The Australian Tides Manual (SP9) brings together in a single, user-friendly form, a large number of existing sources of information on the measurement of tides and tidal currents (By the PCTMLS). Table of Contents: Basic Theory, Tidal Terminology, Analysis and Prediction, Tidal analysis, Tidal classification, Analysis of tidal currents, Long term sea level variability, Environmental Effects on Sea Level, Weather-related effects, Shallow water effects, Tidal Datum Epoch for LAT and HAT, Tidal Planes and Levels, Harmonics-based definitions, Observations-based definitions, The Australian Height Datum (pages 1 to 19).
The Interactive Weather and Wave Forecast Map Viewer is used to display images of computer-generated forecast data for up to the next 7 days. The computer model generated maps contain no input from weather forecasters. The link of the map shows Day+0 data.
A range of services provide current weather information for mariners at sea. VHF radio is accessible from in-shore waters, HF radio for much greater distances off-shore, and the satellite 'Inmarsat C SafetyNET' services provide global access (More information about Marine Weather Services).
Current analysis and forecast fax charts. This is black & white files for radio fax broadcast with FTP and WEB access.
This page provides a summary of the valid weather warnings issued in each State.
Sea-ice satellite imagery for Antarctic and Southern Ocean with visible and infrared images. Regions: Casey, Davis Prydz Bay, Dumont D'Urville - Mertz Glacier, Mawson, Shackleton Ice-Shelf, Terra Nova Bay, West Ice-Shelf, Princess Ragnhild Coast, Enderby Land, Cape Adare Area, Sabrina Coast, Wilkes Coast.
This volume presents a comprehensive account of the theory and practice of weather forecasting in the Antarctic. It is designed to be of practical use to forecasters on the Antarctic stations and on research/supply vessels, but will also be of value to those concerned with research into Antarctic meteorology and climatology. It splits broadly into two parts. In the first, the climatology of the Antarctic is reviewed and there are discussions on the nature of the weather systems found over the continent and Southern Ocean. The means used to forecast all the main meteorological elements are discussed as well as the use of satellite data and the output of numerical weather prediction models. In the second part, the meteorological conditions found at various locations around the Antarctic are considered and guidance provided on the forecasting rules and techniques used at specific locations (British Antarctic Survey).
Space Weather broadly describes the impact of solar activity on technological systems and human well-being here on earth. Dynamic variations on the surface of the sun can release large amounts of energy in various forms including electromagnetic radiation, charged particles and eruptions of huge clouds of ionised gas. These phenomena can significantly affect the earth’s upper atmosphere (ionosphere) and surrounding space environment with impacts felt all the way down to technological systems on the ground. Space weather events that modify the density and/or structure of the ionosphere can significantly impact the performance of HF communications, satellite communication and global navigation satellite systems (e.g. GPS).
This information sheet is designed to assist owners and operators of critical infrastructure better understand the effects of space weather events. These may include disruptions to telecommunication and radio communications systems, satellite navigation systems, energy supply and power grids. Space weather could also lead to damage or loss of critical infrastructure.
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The ionosphere is a significant source of error in satellite navigation systems, such as GPS. In ordinary operation the position of a GPS receiver is estimated by measuring the time delay between a radio signal transmitted from each satellite and the reception of that signal at the receiver. Assuming a constant speed of light, this time delay can be converted to a receiver-satellite distance. By comparing the distance to multiple satellites a GPS receiver can determine its three dimensional position. The ionosphere disrupts this approach since the GPS radio signal is slowed by the presence of free electrons, causing an additional time delay and hence an error in the distance to each satellite. The greater the total number of electrons (Total Electron Count, or TEC) on the signal path, the greater the time delay.
This near-real-time map shows the estimated GPS positioning error, in metres of L1, resulting from the difference between the GPS broadcast Klobuchar model of ionospheric delay and the best current estimate of 'true' ionosheric delay, as observed by SWS. It is therefore representative of the ionospheric contribution to GPS position error for single-frequency GPS, which at mid-latitudes typically ranges between 1 and 5m. Both enhancements and depressions of the ionosphere can result in reduced GPS positioning accuracy. The map shows colour contours of position error at GPS L1 (ie single frequency), in units of metres.
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Space weather can be described as the solar activity on the surface of the sun creating certain atmospheric events that can affect us here on earth. These environmental conditions are important for us to monitor as they can affect the performance and reliability of our satellites, navigation systems and radio communications. The space weather advisory service targets three broad space weather impact areas for ships: HF Communications (HF COM), GNSS-based navigation and surveillance (GNSS like GPS) and satellite communication (SATCOM). However advisories for SATCOM will not be issued by any space weather centres until further work is undertaken to develop and validate operationally relevant advisory thresholds for this impact area. Further information can be found in the companion Space Weather Hazard brochure. Advisories are issued at either of two intensity thresholds: Moderate (MOD) and Severe (SEV). More information.
There can be many reasons why an HF signal may not reach the intended recipient, including solar flares, ionospheric storms, geomagnetic storms, equipment faults and the choice of frequency. Summary: 1. The ionosphere - 2. HF communications - 3. Effects of solar events on HF communications. Also in HTML.
These pages provide general propagation advice for HF communicators. Information available includes inferred global propagation conditions, real time HF fadeout coverage charts, regional ionospheric vertical MUF maps and Hourly Area Prediction charts. With an animation on the effects of space weather on HF communications (More information about HF Communications Problem).
Tool for HF Prediction: HAP, Min-Max HAP, URSL, GRAFEX, Air Route, LAMP and Frequency selection. Digital HF Prediction: Reliability and other features of digital HF radio. Also VHF/UHF Area Prediction: Calculates and displays RF signal loss for VHF/UHF (30MHz-3GHz).
This handbook "MRO Handbook 2017" is intended for the guidance of radio operators: (a) on Australian vessels which are compulsorily fitted with marine radiotelephony, marine radiotelephony with digital selective calling capability, and/or Inmarsat satellite communications, in accordance with State or Territory government legislation; or (b) on Australian vessels which are voluntarily fitted with marine radiotelephony, marine radiotelep ony with digital selective calling capability, and/or Inmarsat satellite communications; or (c) at limited coast stations, particularly those operated by marine rescue organisations. It is the recommended textbook for candidates undertaking examination for the Marine Radio Operators Certificate of Proficiency (MROCP), the Marine Radio Operators VHF Certificate of Proficiency (MROVCP), and the Marine Satellite Communications Endorsement, year 2017 (Also view online).
This handbook "VHF Handbook 2018" is intended for the guidance of radio operators: (a) On Australian vessels which are voluntarily fitted with marine VHF radiotelephony and marine VHF radiotelephony with D igital Selective Calling (DSC) capability. (b) On Australian vessels which are compulsorily fitted with marine VHF radiotelephony and marine VHF radiotelephony with Digital Selective Calling (DSC) capability. It is the recommended textbook for candidates undertaking the Marine Radio Operators VHF Certificate of Proficiency (MROVCP) examination, view online (Also 2008 pdf version. s
This text "MCSSE Handbook 2019" is recommended as the study guide for candidates undertaking the examination for the Marine Satellite Communications Certificate of Endorsement (MCSSE also known as Satcom). Contents: Examinations - Inmarsat system - Inmarsat-C ship earth stations - Inmarsat Enhanced Group Calling receivers - Inmarsat Fleet F77 equipement (Also view online).
There are three certificates in regards to marine radio operator qualification: Marine Satellite Communications Endorsement (MSCE), Long Range Operator Certificate of Proficiency (LROCP), Short Range Operator Certificate of Proficiency (SROCP). The examination consists of a multi-choice question paper (duration 1 hour with a 70% pass mark) and a practical component.
By the Australasian Legal Information Institute, online free-access resource for Maritime & Law of the Sea:
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